{"id":10282,"date":"2025-02-25T10:31:53","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T05:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlitutor.com\/courses\/cbse-physical-education-class-11\/lesson\/smart-notes-1\/"},"modified":"2025-02-25T11:30:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T06:00:41","slug":"smart-notes-1-concept-of-disability-and-disorder","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/onlitutor.com\/courses\/cbse-physical-education-class-11\/lesson\/smart-notes-1-concept-of-disability-and-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Smart Notes -1.Concept of Disability and Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"

4.1 Concept of Disability and Disorder<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Concept of Disability:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Definition<\/strong>:<\/span> Disability refers to a condition or impairment that limits a person’s physical, sensory, cognitive, or emotional abilities to participate fully in various aspects of life.<\/li>\n
  2. Functional Inability<\/strong>:<\/span> It encompasses limitations in performing certain activities (activity limitation) and interacting with the world (participation restrictions).<\/li>\n
  3. Legal Recognition<\/strong>:<\/span> According to the Rights for Persons with Disabilities Act 2016, it includes long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that hinder full participation in society.<\/li>\n
  4. Types of Disabilities<\/strong>:<\/span> Disabilities can be categorized into various types, including:\n
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    • Physical disabilities (e.g., mobility impairments, amputations)<\/li>\n
    • Sensory disabilities (e.g., visual or hearing impairments)<\/li>\n
    • Cognitive disabilities (e.g., intellectual impairments)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Concept of Disorder:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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      1. Definition<\/strong>:<\/span> Disorder is characterized by a type of impairment that may arise from a medical condition leading to physical or intellectual disturbances.<\/li>\n
      2. Associated Disturbances<\/strong>:<\/span> It can be associated with disturbances in physical or mental functioning, as well as social well-being.<\/li>\n
      3. Types of Disorders<\/strong>:<\/span> Different kinds of disorders include:\n
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        • Mental disorders<\/li>\n
        • Attention disorders<\/li>\n
        • Eating disorders<\/li>\n
        • Anxiety disorders<\/li>\n
        • Substance abuse and addiction disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Reversal Potential<\/strong>:<\/span> Individuals experiencing disorders can be treated and may return to their previous state of functioning.
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          4.2 Types of Disability its Causes and Nature\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
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          Types of Disability, its Causes, and Nature can be summarized as follows:<\/p>\n

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          Types of Disability:<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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          1. Physical Disabilities<\/strong>:<\/span> Long-term loss or impairment of part of an individual\u2019s body, affecting mobility and physical function.<\/li>\n
          2. Intellectual Disabilities<\/strong>:<\/span> Limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, affecting learning and social skills.<\/li>\n
          3. Learning Disabilities<\/strong>:<\/span> Difficulties in processing information, which can impact academic performance and everyday tasks.<\/li>\n
          4. Visual Handicap<\/strong>:<\/span> Impairments related to sight, including low vision and blindness.<\/li>\n
          5. Hearing Handicap<\/strong>:<\/span> Impairments related to hearing, including partial or complete deafness.<\/li>\n
          6. Mental Illness<\/strong>:<\/span> A range of mental health disorders that affect mood, thinking, and behavior.<\/li>\n
          7. Leprosy Cured<\/strong>:<\/span> Individuals who have been cured of leprosy but may still face disabilities as a result.<\/li>\n
          8. Low Vision<\/strong>:<\/span> Significant visual impairment that cannot be corrected fully with glasses or contact lenses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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            Causes of Disability:<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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            1. \n

              Genetic Causes<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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              • Genetic Mutations<\/strong>:<\/span> Inherited or spontaneous mutations leading to conditions like Down syndrome or cystic fibrosis.<\/li>\n
              • Chromosomal Abnormalities<\/strong>:<\/span> Disorders caused by abnormalities in chromosome number or structure, such as Turner syndrome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                Environmental Causes<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                • Prenatal Exposures<\/strong>:<\/span> Harmful substances or conditions during pregnancy, such as drugs, alcohol, or infections, leading to developmental disabilities.<\/li>\n
                • Perinatal Factors<\/strong>:<\/span> Complications during childbirth or the neonatal period, such as oxygen deprivation or trauma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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                  Nature of Disabilities:<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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                  1. Impairments<\/strong>:<\/span> Problems in body function or alterations in body structure (e.g., paralysis, blindness).<\/li>\n
                  2. Activity Limitations<\/strong>:<\/span> Difficulties in executing activities (e.g., walking, eating).<\/li>\n
                  3. Participation Restrictions<\/strong>:<\/span> Problems with involvement in any area of life (e.g., discrimination in employment or transportation).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    These points outline the various types of disabilities, their causes, and their nature as recognized under the framework of disability studies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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                    4.3 Disability Etiquettes\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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                    Here are the key points of Disability Etiquette:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                    1. \n

                      Respect the Person<\/strong>:<\/span> Treat individuals with disabilities as individuals first, recognizing their interests, preferences, and capabilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Positive and Energetic Attitude<\/strong>:<\/span> Approach individuals with a positive and friendly demeanor to foster inclusivity and support.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Effective Communication<\/strong>:<\/span> Communicate directly with the person with a disability, not their companion or interpreter. Maintain eye contact and be patient.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Use Appropriate Terminology<\/strong>:<\/span> Be aware of and use correct terminology, avoiding derogatory or outdated terms (e.g., use “wheelchair user” instead of “confined to a wheelchair”).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Social Etiquette<\/strong>:<\/span> Interact respectfully and inclusively to create an environment that values diversity and promotes equal opportunities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Respect Personal Space<\/strong>:<\/span> Give individuals with disabilities the same personal space as anyone else and be mindful of their mobility aids or service animals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                      Accessible Spaces<\/strong>:<\/span> Ensure that spaces are accessible when organizing events or providing services to accommodate individuals with disabilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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                      4.4 Aim and Objective of Adaptive Physical Education\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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                      The Aim and Objectives of Adaptive Physical Education (APE) include:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                        Individualized Approach<\/strong>:<\/span> APE programs are tailored to meet the specific disabilities, health conditions, and developmental levels of each participant.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                        Inclusivity<\/strong>:<\/span> APE provides opportunities for individuals with disabilities to engage in physical education and activities designed to their unique needs and abilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                        Building a Program for CWSN<\/strong>:<\/span> APE is developed based on the individual needs of Children With Special Needs (CWSN), involving assessment on physical education parameters and designing an individual education plan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                        Functional Activity for Lifetime<\/strong>:<\/span> APE aims to help CWSN build the capacity to be functionally active throughout their lives, addressing challenges related to movement, coordination, and daily life skills.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                        Holistic Development<\/strong>:<\/span> APE focuses on the overall development of CWSN, including physical fitness, social interaction, and well-being.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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                        Equitable Access<\/strong>:<\/span> APE ensures that individuals with disabilities have equitable access to physical education and activities, promoting participation to the best of their abilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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                        4.5 Role of Various Professionals for CWSN (Children with Special Needs)\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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                        The role of various professionals for Children with Special Needs (CWSN) includes the following points:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                          School Counsellor<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                          • Works with CWSN to help them achieve academic goals.<\/li>\n
                          • Supports social, personal, and career development.<\/li>\n
                          • Involves parents, teachers, and other professionals in the support process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                            Occupational Therapist<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                            • Assists in improving daily living skills and fine motor skills.<\/li>\n
                            • Provides strategies to enhance sensory processing and integration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                              Physiotherapist<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                              • Focuses on improving physical abilities and mobility.<\/li>\n
                              • Develops exercise programs to enhance strength, coordination, and balance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                Special Education Teacher<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                • Adapts curriculum and teaching methods to meet the individual needs of CWSN.<\/li>\n
                                • Provides specialized instruction and support in the classroom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                  Speech and Language Therapist<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                  • Works on communication skills, including speech, language, and social communication.<\/li>\n
                                  • Helps CWSN who have difficulties with speech or understanding language.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                    Psychologist<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                    • Conducts assessments to identify cognitive and emotional needs.<\/li>\n
                                    • Provides counseling and support for emotional and behavioral challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                      Social Worker<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                      • Assists families in accessing resources and support services.<\/li>\n
                                      • Provides counseling and advocacy for CWSN and their families.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                        Rehabilitation Specialist<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                        • Focuses on helping CWSN achieve independence and functional skills.<\/li>\n
                                        • Works on developing life skills and vocational training.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                          Physical Education Teacher<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

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                                          • Adapts physical education activities to ensure inclusivity.<\/li>\n
                                          • Promotes physical fitness and well-being among CWSN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            These professionals collaborate to create a comprehensive support system that addresses the diverse needs of CWSN, helping them to achieve their full potential both academically and socially.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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