1.1 Meaning of Physical Education
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Holistic Development: Physical Education aims at the overall development of an individual, encompassing physical, mental, and emotional aspects.
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Physical Activity as a Medium: It utilizes physical activities or body movements as a means of instruction to facilitate learning and development.
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Improvement of Physical Fitness: Programs in Physical Education focus on enhancing physical fitness through structured activities.
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Motor Skills Development: It helps in the development of motor skills, which are essential for various physical activities and sports.
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Knowledge and Understanding: Physical Education provides knowledge related to sports, health, and fitness, contributing to informed decision-making regarding personal health.
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Sportsmanship and Teamwork: It fosters values such as sportsmanship, teamwork, and fair play, which are important in both sports and life.
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Emotional Stability: Engaging in physical activities can lead to improved emotional well-being and stability.
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Healthy Behavior Promotion: Physical Education encourages healthy lifestyle choices and behaviors, contributing to long-term health benefits.
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Structured Learning: It is a structured teaching-learning process that focuses on the outcomes of physical activities.
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Big Muscle Activities: It specifically deals with large muscle activities and their related responses, emphasizing physical exertion and fitness.
1.2 development of physical education in india post independence
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Establishment of Government Bodies: In 1948, the Government of India set up the Central Government Physical Education Committee, also known as the Tara Chand Committee, to improve standards of physical education and sports in India.
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Central Advisory Board: In 1950, the Central Advisory Board of Physical Education was established to advise the government on physical education issues, promoting its importance in the education system.
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Compulsory Physical Education: One of the key objectives of the Central Advisory Board was to introduce Physical Education as a compulsory subject at the elementary, middle, and senior secondary levels.
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Promotion of Indigenous Sports: The government aimed to promote indigenous sports and activities, emphasizing the importance of traditional games alongside modern sports.
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Infrastructure Development: Post-independence, there was a focus on developing sports infrastructure, including stadiums, training centers, and facilities for various sports disciplines.
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Increased Participation: Initiatives were introduced to increase participation in sports at all levels, from grassroots to elite athletes, fostering a culture of physical fitness and competition.
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National Sports Policy: The introduction of a National Sports Policy aimed to create a framework for the development of sports and physical education across the country.
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International Representation: Efforts were made to enhance India’s representation in international sports competitions, leading to improved training programs and support for athletes.
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Technological Advancements: Emphasis on adopting new technologies in sports equipment and training methodologies to enhance performance and safety.
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Awareness Campaigns: Campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of physical education and sports for overall health and well-being in society.
1.3 Changing Trends in Sports Playing Surface, Wearable Gears and Sports Equipment, Technological Advancements
Changing Trends in Sports Playing Surface:
- Introduction of synthetic surfaces like Astroturf and Polygrass, which provide consistent playing conditions.
- Enhanced durability and maintenance of modern surfaces compared to traditional natural surfaces.
- Use of rubberized surfaces for safety and improved performance.
- Shift towards environmentally friendly materials in the construction of sports fields.
Wearable Gears and Sports Equipment:
- Development of lighter and stronger protective gear, such as helmets and pads, for enhanced safety.
- Introduction of performance-enhancing attire, like specialized swimsuits and aerodynamic footwear.
- Integration of GPS and monitoring devices to track athlete performance and physiological status.
- Use of advanced materials for comfort and efficiency in sports equipment.
Technological Advancements:
- Implementation of precise timing systems using GATES, laser, or touch sensors for accurate race results.
- Adoption of location tracking systems using GPS for player movement analysis and crowd management.
- Use of biomechanical and movement analysis software to evaluate athletic performance and improve techniques.
- Enhanced viewing experiences through technologies like slow-motion replays and 3D imaging for fans.
- Objective decision-making tools, such as VAR and Hawk-Eye, to minimize disputes in sports officiating.
1.4 Various Academic Courses in Physical Education
Here are various academic courses in Physical Education outlined in points:
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Post Graduate Diploma Level Courses:
Post Graduate Diploma in Adventure Sports Administration
- Post Graduate Diploma in Disability Sports
- Post Graduate Diploma in Fitness Management
- Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Coaching
- Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Journalism
- Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Management
- Post Graduate Diploma in Sports Nutrition
- Post Graduate Diploma in Yoga Education
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Bachelor Level Course:
- Bachelor of Physical Education (B.P.Ed.)
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Master Level Courses:
- Master of Physical Education (M.P.Ed.) – Note: M.Phil. has been discontinued as per NEP-2020.
- Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Physical Education
- Post Doctorate Fellowship (P.D.F.) in Physical Education
These courses are offered by various educational institutions in India and are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, or by the institutions themselves.
1.5 Khelo India
Here are the key points about the Khelo India Programme:-
Launch: Khelo India was launched by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, in the financial year 2017-2018.
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Vision: The vision is to further sports culture in India, especially at the grassroots level, and achieve sporting excellence in the country.
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Mission: The mission aims to encourage sports for all and promote holistic development through sports.
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Objectives: The two main objectives are mass participation in sports and the promotion of excellence in sports.
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Budget: The budget allocation for the Khelo India Programme is Rs. 1,756 Crore for the period of 2017-18 to 2019-20.
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Twelve Verticals: The programme outlines twelve verticals including:
- Play Field Development
- Community Coaching Development
- State Level Khelo India Centres
- Annual Sports Competitions
- Talent Search and Development
- Utilization and Creation/Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure
- Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academies
- Physical fitness of school children
- Sports for Women
- Promotion of sports amongst people with disabilities
- Sports for peace and development
- Promotion of rural and indigenous/tribal games
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Infrastructure Development: One-time funding of up to 50 Lakhs will be provided to States/UTs for the development of playing fields and sports infrastructure.
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Focus on Youth: The programme aims to provide world-class infrastructure and training facilities to nurture young talent for international success.
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Overall Development: Khelo India emphasizes the importance of sports and fitness for overall development, including team spirit, leadership skills, and strategic thinking.
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Approval: The programme was approved in a Cabinet meeting held on 20th September 2017.
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